Saturday, April 25, 2009

.:: What is Action Research ::. -english version-

What is Action Research ?

  • A group of research methodologies that persue change and understanding. It is a cyclial process that alternates between action and critical reflection.

  • Action research is a process in which participants examine their own educational practice systematically and carefully, using the techniques of research. It is based on the following assumptions :

> Teacher and principals work best on problems they have identified for themselves.


> Teacher and principals become more effective when encouraged to examine and assess their own work and then consider ways of working differently.


> Teacher and principals help each other by working collaboratively.


> Working with colleagues helps teachers and principals in their professional development.



Although there are many types of research that maybe undertaken, action research specifically refers to a disciplined inquiry done by a teacher with the intent that the research will inform and change his or her practices in the future. This research is carried out within the context of the teacher’s environment—that is, with the students and at the school in which the teacher works—on questions that deal with educational matters at hand.

Why Do We Use It ???

  • What is the relationship of action research to the education?
  • It is grounded in constructivism.

How Does The Process Work ???

  • Look at the situation - gather relevant data, define and describe, build a picture to describe the situation. eg : force field analysis ( Stringer, 1999 )
  • Think about the situation - explore and analyze, what is happening here, interpret and explain, how and why are things the way they are ( Stringer, 1999 )
  • Act - plan eg : develop a logic

Kajian Tindakan Dalam Pendidikan

Terdapat empat langkah-langkah asas yang perlu dipatuhi semasa melakukan kajian tindakan iaitu :-

  1. Merancang ( Planning )
  2. Bertindak ( Action )
  3. Memerhati ( Observing )
  4. Merefleksi ( Reflecting )

Langkah-langkah ini dilakukan secara teratur dan mengikut urutan dalam bentuk gelungan.

Kajian Tindakan mengembangkan kemampuan guru sebagai peneroka pengetahuan yang profesional. Guru sebagai seorang profesional tidaklah semata-mata mengamalkan pengetahuan yang dikemukakan oleh orang lain tetapi berupaya merintis jalan bagi menangani pelbagai masalah P&P.


Dalam Kajian Tindakan, guru sebagai penyelidik mengkaji amalan bekerjanya sendiri serta kaitannya dengan keberkesanan pembelajaran di kalangan murid-murid yang diajarnya. Amalan bekerja iaitu amalan mengajar termasuklah cara guru berinteraksi dengan murid, latihan-latihan yang disediakan, gaya penyampaian, soalan-soalan yang digunakan dan sebagainya.

Guru menjalankan kajian atas kesedaran bahawa terdapat masalah yang mengganggu proses pembelajaran di kalangan murid-murid yang diajarnya dan masalah itu perlu ditanganinya sendiri.

Apabila seseorang guru mengamalkan Kajian Tindakan beliau perlu melakukan pengubahsuaian amalan P&P secara berterusan sehingga berlaku peningkatan dalam pencapaian murid pada tahap yang jauh lebih baik berbanding dengan keadaan sebelum kajian dijalankan. Sekiranya pencapaian murid meningkat setelah melakukan aktiviti P&P yang telah dirancang untuk menangani masalah yang wujud, bolehlah dirumuskan bahawa amalan pengajaran guru berkesan. Keberkesanan pengajaran guru meningkatkan kewibawaannya sebagai pendidik dan dengan itu tahap profesionalisme guru itu juga turut meningkat.